Nkumushinga utoroshye kandi wingenzi, kubaka umuyoboro bitanga ibikorwa remezo bidasubirwaho byubwikorezi bugezweho, kubungabunga amazi niterambere ryumujyi.Iyi ngingo izerekana ibisobanuro byubwubatsi bwa tunnel, inzira yubwubatsi, akamaro kayo mugutezimbere imibereho hamwe niterambere ryigihe kizaza.
Umuyoboro nubuhanga bwo gucukura no kubaka tunel munsi yubutaka.Yabaye inkingi yubwikorezi bugezweho, kubungabunga amazi no kubaka ibikorwa remezo byo mumijyi.Muri iki kiganiro, tuzagaragaza ibisobanuro byubwubatsi bwa tunnel, inzira yubwubatsi, akamaro kayo mugutezimbere imibereho hamwe niterambere ryigihe kizaza.
Ibisobanuro byubwubatsi bwa tunnel no gusobanura inzira yubwubatsi: Kubaka umuyoboro nakazi ko guhuza ahantu habiri mu gucukura no kubaka inzira zubutaka.Irashobora gukoreshwa mubihe bitandukanye, nkumuhanda, gari ya moshi, metero, imiyoboro itanga amazi, nibindi. Ubwubatsi: Kubaka umuyoboro mubisanzwe bikubiyemo intambwe zikurikira:
Imirimo yo kwitegura: harimo gutegura inzira, ubushakashatsi no gushushanya, no gutegura gahunda yo kubaka.
Guturika hasi cyangwa gucukura imashini: Ukurikije imiterere ya geologiya n'ibisabwa mu iyubakwa, hitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gucukura mu kuzimu, harimo guturika gakondo ndetse n'ubucukuzi bwa kijyambere.
Inkunga yo kubaka: Mu iyubakwa rya tunnel, kugirango imiterere ya geologiya idahindagurika, harasabwa imirimo yo gushyigikira, nka beto, ibyuma byuma ndetse nubutaka bwo munsi.
Kuvoma no guhumeka: Mugihe cyo kubaka umuyoboro, birasabwa gutwarwa mugihe no guhumeka neza kugirango umutekano wabakozi wubwubatsi uhagaze neza nibidukikije byubaka.
Gushimangira ibyubaka no gushariza imbere: Nyuma yo kubaka umuyoboro urangiye, birakenewe gukora ibikorwa byo gushimangira imiterere no gushariza imbere imbere ya tunel, nko kubaka umurongo no gutunganya umuhanda.
Akamaro ko kubaka umuyoboro muguteza imbere imibereho hamwe niterambere ryigihe kizaza Icyorohereza ubwikorezi: Kubaka umuyoboro bitanga ubworoherane bwubwikorezi, bigabanya intera iri hagati yikibanza, kandi bitezimbere urujya n'uruza rwinshi.Iterambere ryimijyi: Kubaka umuyoboro bitanga umwanya munini witerambere ryumujyi kandi biteza imbere kwagura no kuvugurura umujyi.Gutezimbere umutungo: Kubaka umuyoboro birashobora gufasha guteza imbere umutungo wubutaka, harimo amabuye y'agaciro, umutungo wamazi, nibindi, bitanga inkunga ikomeye mugutezimbere imibereho nubukungu.Kurengera ibidukikije: Kubaka umuyoboro birashobora kugabanya ibyangiritse ku bidukikije biterwa n’umuhanda wo hejuru n’ubuhanga, kandi bikarinda ubusugire bw’umutungo kamere n’ibidukikije.Iterambere ryigihe kizaza: Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga nubuhanga bwubuhanga, kubaka tunnel bizerekana inzira zikurikira:
Automation nubwenge: Kubaka umuyoboro bizarushaho gukoresha tekinoroji nubwenge kugirango bitezimbere ubwubatsi nubuziranenge.
Kurengera ibidukikije no kuzigama ingufu: Kubaka umuyoboro bizita cyane ku kurengera ibidukikije no kubungabunga umutungo, kandi bizakoreshwa mu buryo bwangiza ibidukikije kandi byangiza ingufu n’ibikoresho byubaka.
Gukoresha ikibanza cyo munsi y'ubutaka: Kubaka umuyoboro ntibizakoreshwa gusa mu bwubatsi bwo mu muhanda, ahubwo bizanakoreshwa mu guteza imbere ikibanza cyo munsi y'ubutaka, nk'ahantu hacururizwa mu nsi ndetse n'ibikoresho byo mu nsi, kugira ngo imikorere ikoreshwe neza mu mijyi.
Nkumushinga utoroshye kandi wingenzi, kubaka umuyoboro bitanga ibikorwa remezo bidasubirwaho byubwikorezi bugezweho, kubungabunga amazi niterambere ryumujyi.Mugusobanura no kumenyekanisha inzira yubwubatsi, twunguka gusobanukirwa nakamaro nigihe kizaza cyo kubaka umuyoboro.Dutegereje kubaka umuyoboro ukomeje gukora ibitangaza byo munsi y'ubutaka no gutanga umusanzu munini mu iterambere n'iterambere ry'umuryango.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-01-2023
